Investing subs in sealed box calculator

The portion of your estate covered by a will includes both tangible assets, such as your home or your car, and intangible assets, such as bank accounts and mutual fund shares that are generally owned in your name. Other rights and benefits, like pension rights and life insurance proceeds, are normally handled outside of your will.

In most cases, those benefits are paid directly to your designated beneficiaries. The cost of creating a will will vary depending on the complexity of your estate. No matter what type of will you create, it should include the following items: your full name; a statement that the document is a will; the date; a statement revoking all previous wills; a specific bequest, which is for the transfer of a particular piece of property to a named beneficiary; a general bequest, which does not specify from which part of the estate the property is to be taken, including provisions for the death of the named beneficiaries; the name of a trust beneficiary, if applicable; names of guardians and alternates for minor children, if necessary; the names of the executor and substitute executor; and your signature.

Your signature is usually required to be certified by at least two witnesses, preferably by individuals who have no connection to the will, such as employees of the law firm you're using. Do not have someone who is a potential beneficiary of the will act as a witness, as this could raise doubts about the will's authenticity at a later date. Types of wills A simple will provides for the outright distribution of assets to beneficiaries A will that establishes trusts to receive assets is a testamentary trust will A will that passes assets into existing trusts is a pour-over will A living will declares that you do not wish to be kept alive by medical means if you become mentally or physically incapacitated and have no realistic hope of recovering to lead a normal life Drafting a will Ideally your will should be drawn up by a lawyer, and you and your heirs, if possible should be familiar with its general form and contents.

Although it's your legal right to do so, it's usually not a good idea to draft your own will. You may not be aware of the statutory requirements that exist in your particular state for establishing a valid will. State requirements vary and some states may have different standards for witnessing a will, or require specific language that must be included for the will to be considered valid.

Having your will at least reviewed by a lawyer can safeguard against these errors. When meeting with a lawyer to draft your will, bring the proper information. Such a list typically includes proof of your real property, such as your home, along with documentation that shows how much you paid for it. Bring deeds, bills of sale, and any other documentation to prove your ownership.

Also bring a list of intangible property such as your bank account and investments; your latest bank statements and brokerage or mutual fund statements; a copy of any life insurance policies; and a list of your debts, including those owed to banks, insurance companies, the Internal Revenue Service, and individuals.

One item that individuals often overlook when drafting their will is a list of names, addresses, and telephone numbers of any professionals they want contacted, such as an insurance agent, broker, banker, or lawyer. Also bring the names of any executor or guardian named for your children. Key criteria Husbands and wives can write their wills jointly or separately, although most legal professionals recommend the latter, as it is difficult to establish who owns which property in a joint will.

Questions also arise as to whether one spouse can change the terms of the will without the consent of the other. Obviously, this can be a particularly thorny issue in the event of a separation or a divorce. Also, if you have young children, an important provision is the selection of a guardian who would raise your children in the event of your death and the death of your spouse. If you die without a will and have minor children, the probate court will appoint a guardian for them, and there is no guarantee that the court's appointment of a guardian will coincide with your own.

Often the courts take a "blood is thicker than water" approach to children, although your first choice may have been a friend whose style of child rearing is more in line with your own. The post-will process Once your will is completed, keep an original copy on hand, although it's perfectly fine to make photocopies for family members and friends.

Keep the original in a secure place, such as a home or business fireproof safe or bank safe deposit box. If that can't be arranged, keep it in your lawyer's office or with the clerk at your local probate court, who will hold it for safekeeping in a sealed envelope.

Wherever you decide to keep your will, make sure that its location is known by family members or close friends. It's also a good idea to review your will every five years. Driver volume: you can get a good idea of the amount of air a driver needs by looking at the VAS numbers. Do not use this number exclusively as to determine the amount of volume you need in the box. The VAS number is just a place to start. It can give you a general idea of the size of the box.

We will get more accurate numbers later using the calculators at the bottom of this page. Pay attention if the figure is listed in cubic feet or cubic liters. You will get a high Q if placing a VAS 4. High Q is fine if you designed it for a specific reason, but it might mean you have no bass in the 20Hz region also. Use a calculator to help you determine your ports and best box volume sizes. If using a sealed box you have more leeway here as sealed boxes are not quite as picky as ported boxes for achieving good results.

However, you can still get the best performance by using an understanding of the specific driver and the box volume to your benefit. A small box volume will yield a higher Q than a lower box volume if using the same driver. Both can be used successfully if you know what and why you have chosen the specific design. Example — understanding the sealed box: You can increase the power handling of a driver by placing it into a smaller box than ideal.

The added back pressure of a small box will keep a driver from bottoming as easily allowing for higher SPL. This will also raise your F3 or 3db down point of the lowest frequency also. This is considered a high Q system; the lower box volume presents less expandable air to the back of the speaker driver raising the Q. You can push more power to the driver without bottoming, but it will not play as low in frequency.

The inverse is true as well; more cabinet volume will decrease the Q offering more low bass extension but the cone will bottom easier lowering the power handling.

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It pays a fixed interest rate for a specified amount of time, giving an easy-to-determine rate of return and investment length. Normally, the longer that money is left in a CD, the higher the rate of interest received. Other low-risk investments of this type include savings accounts and money market accounts, which pay relatively low rates of interest.

Bonds Risk is a key factor when making bond investments. In general, premiums must be paid for greater risks. Buying bonds from companies that are highly rated for being low-risk by the mentioned agencies is much safer, but this earns a lower rate of interest. Bonds can be bought for the short or long term. Short-term bond investors want to buy a bond when its price is low and sell it when its price has risen, rather than holding the bond to maturity.

Bond prices tend to drop as interest rates rise, and they typically rise when interest rates fall. Within different parts of the bond market, differences in supply and demand can also generate short-term trading opportunities. A conservative approach to bond investing is to hold them until maturity. This way, interest payments become available, usually twice a year, and owners receive the face value of the bond at maturity. By following a long-term bond-buying strategy, it is not a requirement to be too concerned about the impact of interest rates on a bond's price or market value.

If interest rates rise and the market value of bonds change, the strategy shouldn't change unless there is a decision to sell. TIPS offers an effective way to handle the risk of inflation. They also provide a risk-free return guaranteed by the U. For this reason, they are a very popular investment, although the return is relatively low compared to other fixed-income investments.

This is what makes them unique and characterizes their behavior. Stocks Equity or stocks are popular forms of investments. While they are not fixed-interest investments, they are one of the most important forms of investments for both institutional and private investors. A stock is a share, literally a percentage of ownership, in a company. It permits a partial owner of a public company to share in its profits, and shareholders receive funds in the form of dividends for as long as the shares are held and the company pays dividends.

Most stocks are traded on exchanges, and many investors purchase stocks with the intent of buying them at a low price and selling them at a higher one hopefully. Many investors also prefer to invest in mutual funds or other types of stock funds, which group stocks together.

These funds are normally managed by a finance manager or firm. The investor pays a small fee called a "load" for the privilege of working with the manager or firm. Another kind of stock fund is the exchange-traded fund ETF , which tracks an index, sector, commodity, or other assets. An ETF fund can be purchased or sold on a stock exchange the same way as a regular stock.

Real Estate Another popular investment type is real estate. A popular form of investment in real estate is to buy houses or apartments. The owner can then choose to sell them commonly called flipping or rent them out in the meantime to maybe sell in the future at a more opportune time. Please consult our comprehensive Rental Property Calculator for more information or to do calculations involving rental properties.

Also, land can be bought and made more valuable through improvements. Understandably, not everyone wants to get their hands dirty, and there exist more passive forms of real estate investing such as Real Estate Investment Trusts REITs , which is a company or fund that owns or finances income-producing real estate. Real estate investing is usually contingent upon values going up, and there can be many reasons as to why they appreciate; examples include gentrification, an increase in the development of surrounding areas, or even certain global affairs.

Everyone understands that the box is an indispensable part for the proper operation of the low-frequency speaker, which is designed to work in a certain volume, without it, the subwoofer speaker will simply chase the air, while the efficiency will decrease several tens of times. Without a box, due to the lack of the necessary damper, the speaker is very easy to pull out of the stroke, this is when the coil starts to come out of the magnetic gap, it is at this point that any slight distortion of the diffuser can lead to a coil's impact on the core cylindrical magnetic core in the center of the coil , which leads to the detachment of the winding from the coil frame.

Of course there are exceptions, for example, as Free Air subwoofers, which are designed to work in an open volume, but the efficiency of these subwoofers is very small, it is recommended to install them only as a last resort. Imagine how much time you will need to calculate the length of a port by its area and the net volume of a box, then calculate the occupied volume by the port, add it to the net internal volume of a box, and only after that, calculate the dimensions of a box, taking into account the material thickness.

Next, you need to draw a box, on paper or in a program, it will take at least 20 minutes.